PEMBUATAN SABUN PADAT DARI CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENTAH (Crude Palm Oil, CPO) DAN MINYAK KELAPA --

ABSTRAK
Sabun merupakan pembersih kulit yang dibuat dari proses saponifikasi atau
netralisasi dari lemak, minyak, wax, rosin atau asam dengan basa organik atau anorganik
tanpa menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit. Minyak sawit mentah merupakan minyak nabati
yang berguna sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan sabun. Aspek penting dalam pemurnian
adalah penggunaan bentonit. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
penambahan bentonit terhadap menghilangkan warna pada CPO, mengetahui stabilitas
busa pada sabun CPO dan minyak kelapa serta pengaruh penambahan minyak kelapa
terhadap kualitas sabun. Kualitas sabun dapat dinilai dari hasil uji organoleptik, pH dan
kadar air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemanasan CPO pada suhu 60ºC dengan
penambahan bentonit sesuai massa 1,3,5,7,9,11 gram. Pada hasil pemurnian warna asli
dari CPO yaitu cokelat tua dan pada penambahan bentonit sebanyak 11 gram
menunjukkan perubahan warna dari cokelat tua menjadi merah. Pada stabilitas busa
didapatkan hasil yang optimum yaitu pada massa rasio 90:10 gram sebesar 62,50%, 80:20
gram sebesar 60,53%, 70:30 gram sebesar 60,26%. Hasil analisa pH yang diperoleh pada
semua variasi sabun yaitu 10 sesuai dengan standar SNI 3532:2021. Hasil analisa kadar
air didapatkan hasil yang sesuai standar SNI 3532:2021 pada semua variasi sabun yaitu
100:0 sebesar 15,02% ,90:10 sebesar 13,07%, 80:20 sebesar 13,80%, 70:30 sebesar
15,74%. Hasil uji organoleptik didapatkan pada rasio 100:0 tidak layak digunakan karena
menimbulkan iritasi dibandingkan dengan penambahan kelapa. Pada rasio 90:10, 80:20,
70:30 didapatkan hasil uji organoleptik yang aman saat digunakan karena tidak
menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit.

ABSTRACT
Soap is a skin cleanser made from the process of saponification or neutralization
of fats, oils, waxes, rosin or acids with organic or inorganic bases without causing
irritation to the skin. Crude palm oil is a vegetable oil that is useful as a basic ingredient
for making soap. An important aspect in purification is the use of bentonite. This study
aims to determine the effect of adding bentonite on removing color in CPO, determine the
stability of foam in CPO soap and coconut oil and the effect of adding coconut oil on
soap quality. The quality of soap can be judged from organoleptic test results, pH and
moisture content. This study was conducted by heating CPO at a temperature of 60ºC
with the addition of bentonite according to the mass of 1,3,5,7,9,11 grams. The results of
purification of the original color of CPO are dark brown and the addition of bentonite as
much as 11 grams shows a change in color from dark brown to red. In foam stability,
optimal results were obtained at a mass ratio of 90:10 grams of 62.50%, 80:20 grams of
60.53, 70:30 grams of 60.26%. The pH analysis results obtained in all soap variations
are 10 in accordance with SNI 3532:2021 standards. The results of the water content
analysis obtained results according to SNI 3532:2021 standards in all soap variations,
namely 100:0 of 15.02% ,90:10 of 13.07%, 80:20 of 13.80%, 70:30% of 15.74% in
accordance with SNI 3532:2021 standards. The results of the water content analysis
obtained results according to SNI 3532:2021 standards in all soap variations, namely
100:0 of 15.02%, 90:10 of 13.07%, 80:20 of 13.80%, 70:30 of 15.74%. The organoleptic
test results obtained at a ratio of 100:0 are not suitable for use because they cause
irritation compared to the addition of coconut. At a ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30
organoleptic test results are obtained that are safe when used because they do not cause
irritation to the skin.